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$BH/I= Armstrong, Scott$B!J(JHiroshima University$B!K(J
$BBjL\(J Development of peer responses in preservice writing classes for teachers
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$B2q>l!uH/I==g(J $B2q>l#3!J(JJA 12C$B!K(J - $BBh(J 4 $BHVL\(J
$BH/I=MW;](J Feedback in the form of peer reponse has certain limitations due to the logisitics of organizing a system of such feedback. In order to overcome this logistical burden, a CALL system using weblogs was implemented to facilitate a more effective peer feedback environment. The quantity and quality of the feedback will be analyzed. This presentation will specifically focus on how the feedback medium facilitated the development of the students' feedback over time towards a more theoretically sound paradigm.
   
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$BH/I= Ammann, Rudolf$B!J;0=EBg3X!K(J
$BBjL\(J Tawawa.org: An Open Online EFL Environment
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$BH/I=MW;](J The Internet can provide environments in which ESL/EFL students are encouraged to put their linguistic competence to actual communicative use. In this presentation, I would like to introduce one such environment, Tawawa.org, a Web site I've been working on with my students for more than a year. Tawawa.org is built around two weblogs at its core - one English, one Japanese -- plus a mailing list and an IRC channel at its periphery. The different parts of the site provide a learning environment which may appear unfocused but which allows students to use and develop their linguistic and communicative skills in collaboration with their peers, both within the academic setting and without: The site invites the participation of outsiders, many of whom are native speakers and webloggers themselves, and who find it worth their while to contribute comments to the entries posted. As the students are briefed to follow established weblogging practice and write about the subjects they actually care about, they can explore and deepen their understanding of these subjects both through articulating their concerns and discussing them in the conversations they start. Situated in an open, collaborative project, the learners are thus given a large amount of autonomy which, at its best, results in authentic communication on subjects relevant to them, which in turn nurtures something that most Japanese ESL/EFL learners possess only to a limited degree: confidence in using their own voice.
   
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$BH/I=MW;](J $B%?%9%/8&5f$G$O!"8@8l1?MQG=NO$ON.D*$5!"@53N$5!"J#;($5$H$$$&<\EY$rMQ$$$FB,Dj$5$l$k$3$H$,B?$$(J(Skehan 1996, 1998)$B!#$7$+$7$J$,$i!"B,DjJ}K!$K$OMM!9$JJ}K!$,$"$j!"@h9T8&5f(J(Egusa & Yokoyama 2004; Robinson 2001; Yuan & Ellis, 2003)$B$rHf3S$9$k:]$KLdBj$H$J$k$3$H$,B?$+$C$?!#K\8&5f$G$O!"J#;($5$NB,DjJ}K!$K>GE@$rEv$F!"$=$N$&$A$N$I$NB,DjJ}K!$,F|K\?M1Q8l3X=,Z$9$k!#$^$?!"$=$N7k2L$r$3$l$^$G$N%?%9%/8&5f$HHf3S$r$7$J$,$i9M;!$r2C$($F$$$/!#(J
   
$BH/I= $B2&@E!J9-EgBg3X!K(J
$BBjL\(J A Comparative Study on the Use of Apologies Strategy by Japanese and Chinese EFL Learners
$BH/I=F|(J $BBh#1F|L\!J#87n#7F|!K(J
$B2q>l!uH/I==g(J $B2q>l#9!J(JJA 12I$B!K(J - $BBh(J 4 $BHVL\(J
$BH/I=MW;](J The purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent, cultural differences, social relations (Power and Distance) and grammatical proficiency can influence Japanese and Chinese EFL learners' use of apology strategies. 34 Japanese EFL learners and 87 Chinese EFL learners took part in a Written Discourse Completion test (WDCT) and the data were analyzed using ANOVA analysis. The results showed that firstly, culture factor can influence EFL learners' use of apology strategies. Secondly, both Power and Distance can influence Japanese and Chinese EFL learners use of apology strategies, especially for Distance--the main factor. Both Japanese and Chinese EFL learners employed more apology strategies to the person in --Distance position; as for the factor Power, it showed Japanese EFL learners are more sensitive to Power factor than Chinese EFL learners. Third, grammatical proficiency has some influence on Chinese EFL learners' WDCT results. However, it has no influence on Japanese EFL learners'. The results supported Brown and Levinson's theory about universal influence on politeness strategy by Power and Distance is true. It also revealed the lack of input on pragmatics knowledge in Chinese EFL teaching and showed besides some universal features in apologies, politeness strategy is also culture-different oriented.
   
$BH/I= $BBg5WJ]0!5*!JC^GHBg3X!K(J
$BBjL\(J $B2;@<$HJ8;z$NF1;~Ds<($,%j%9%K%s%0$KM?$($k1F6A(J
$BH/I=F|(J $BBh#2F|L\!J#87n#8F|!K(J
$B2q>l!uH/I==g(J $B2q>l#4!J(JJA 12D$B!K(J - $BBh(J 4 $BHVL\(J
$BH/I=MW;](J $BMN2h$r%j%9%K%s%065:`$KMQ$$$k:]$K3X=,pJs$rGS=|$7(J(1)$B2;@<$N$_(J(2)$B;zKk$N$_(J(3)$B2;@<(JĄ$B;zKk$NF1;~Ds<($N>r7o$G9T$C$?
   
$BH/I= $BBg:j$5$D$-!JEl5~EE5!Bg3X!K(J
$BBjL\(J $B%+%?%+%J1Q8l$NJ,@O$H;XF3K!$N8!>Z(J
$BH/I=F|(J $BBh#1F|L\!J#87n#7F|!K(J
$B2q>l!uH/I==g(J $B2q>l#1#1!J$b$s$<$s(J 301$B!K(J - $BBh(J 1 $BHVL\(J
$BH/I=MW;](J $BK\8&5f$G$O!"%+%?%+%J1Q8l$NJ,@O7k2L$+$i!"$=$N;XF3K!$r8!>Z$7!"$I$N$h$&$K%+%?%+%J1Q8l$,8lWC3X=,$K3hMQ$G$-$k$N$+$rL@$i$+$K$7$h$&$H$7$?!#K\8&5f$O(J3$B$D$N8&5f$+$i9=@.$5$l$F$$$k!#8&5f-!$OJ88%8&5f$G$"$j!"J88%$r4p$K%+%?%+%J1Q8l$r(J5$B$D$NHOaF$KJ,N`$7$?!#8&5f-"$G$O!"8&5f-!$GJ,N`$7$?HOaF$rJ,@O$7!"$=$N7k2L$+$i%+%?%+%J1Q8l$N;XF3K!$r9M;!$7$?!#8&5f-#$G$O!"$=$NHOaF$r4p$K$7$?BN7OE*;XF3$r9T$$!"$=$N7k2L$+$i$I$N$h$&$K%+%?%+%J1Q8l$r;XF3$7!"8lWC3X=,$KMxMQ$G$-$k$N$+$r8!>Z$7$?!#(J
   
$BH/I= $BBgEh9@9T!JFJLZ8)N)1'ET5\@6NM9b9;!K(J
$BBjL\(J $B%_%l%K%"%`%W%m%8%'%/%H
$BH/I=F|(J $BBh#2F|L\!J#87n#8F|!K(J
$B2q>l!uH/I==g(J $B2q>l#5!J(JJA 12E$B!K(J - $BBh(J 7 $BHVL\(J
$BH/I=MW;](J $B:rG/EYH/I=$5$;$F$$$?$@$$$?!V%^%k%F%#%a%G%#%"$rMQ$$$?H/?.7?
   
$BH/I= $BBg1r=$0l!JJ<8K650iBg3X!K!"0KEl<#8J(J $B!JLDLg650iBg3X!K(J
$BBjL\(J EFL $B%j!<%G%#%s%0$K$*$1$k%a%?G'CN3h@-EY$K4X$9$kZE*8&5f(J $B!]%j!<%G%#%s%0G=NO!"%F%/%9%H$NGE@$rEv$F$F!](J
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$BH/I= $BB@EDMN!JEl5~3X7]Bg3XImB0@$EDC+Cf3X9;!K!"?@GrE/;K!JEl5~3X7]Bg3X!K!"NS5,@8!J650iB,Dj8&5f=j!K(J
$BBjL\(J $BCf3XF~3X0JA0$N1Q8l3X=,7P83$,Cf3X9;$N1Q8lNO$KM?$($k1F6A!!-5(J
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$BH/I=MW;](J $BCf3X9;F~3X0JA0$N1Q8l3X=,7P83$,Cf3X9;0J8e$N1Q8lNO$K$I$N$h$&$J1F6A$rM?$($F$$$k$+$H$$$&$3$H$r9M;!$7$?!#Cf3X9;F~3X0JA0$N1Q8l3X=,7P83$r$7$F$-$?@8EL$H7P83$,L5$$@8EL$N#2G/@8$N8eH>$+$i#3G/@8$N8eH>$K$+$1$F$N#32s$N#C#A#S#E#C$N7k2L$NHf3S$HCf3XB46HD>A0$K9T$C$?%"%s%1!<%H$+$i$N3X=,7P83$N]$K$J$k@8EL$O1Q8l3X=,7P83$,$"$k@8EL#7#9L>!"7P83$,L5$$@8EL$,#6#3L>$G$"$k!##C#A#S#E#C$N
   
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$BH/I=MW;](J $B=>Mh$N1QJ8K!3X=,$O3X=,9`L\$,:YJ,2=$5$l$F$$$k$?$a$KA4BNA|$,B*$($K$/$/!V2?$N$?$a$KJ8K!$r3X$V$N$+!W$,M}2r$5$l$E$i$$LL$,$"$C$?!#H/I=e$G!V8l=g#1!JL>;l6gJT!K!W!V8l=g#2!JF0;lJT!K!W$H$$$$D$NCl$GBN7O2=$9$k$3$H$rDs>'$9$k!#8eR2p$7$?$$!#(J
   
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$BBjL\(J Making an effective presentation: How do college students perceive the process of English presentation?
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$B2q>l!uH/I==g(J $B2q>l#8!J(JJA 12H$B!K(J - $BBh(J 4 $BHVL\(J
$BH/I=MW;](J This is a study exploring what stages/aspects college students find difficult to conducting a presentation at their English class. 150 students participated this questionnaire survey. It has been found that, in writing a script, many students have difficulties in organizing ideas, developing their opinions, and using appropriate spoken language. In terms of delivery, they have difficulties in keeping eye contanct and pronuncing words correctly throughout the presentatin. Furthermore, text analysis of the scrips revealed that many students have applied written expressions such as relative clauses and passive forms to thier scrips. This research can become baseline data to lead larger research concerning speech production and writing for college students with limited English proficiency.
   
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$BBjL\(J $B1Q8l-5652J=q%3!<%Q%9$K$h$k652J=q$NNLE*Hf3S!!!A8lWCFC@-$K4p$E$/%/%i%9%?!
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$BH/I=MW;](J 2003$BG/EY$K=PHG$5$l$?9bEy3X9;1Q8l-5652J=q!J(J35$B:}!K$N%3!<%Q%9$r:n@.$7!"(JWordsmith$B$rMQ$$$FAm8l?t!"0[8lN(!"(J1$BJ8$"$?$j$NJ?6QC18l?t$J$I$NE}7W>pJs$r;;=P$7$?!#$3$N>pJs$r$b$H$K!"%/%i%9%?!Z$7$?!#$5$i$K!"(JJACET8000$B$H$NHf3S$G8lWC$NFq0WEY$rD4::$7$?!#H/I=$G$O!"$3$l$i$ND4::7k2L$r$H$*$7$F1Q8l-5652J=q$G07$o$l$F$$$k8lWC$NFCD'$r$^$H$a!"652J=qA*Dj$K$D$$$F$N9M;!$r9T$&!#(J
   
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$BBjL\(J The Effect of the Instruction of Circumlocution on the Problem-Solving Ability in L1 and L2 Communication
$BH/I=F|(J $BBh#2F|L\!J#87n#8F|!K(J
$B2q>l!uH/I==g(J $B2q>l#1#1!J$b$s$<$s(J 301$B!K(J - $BBh(J 7 $BHVL\(J
$BH/I=MW;](J $BK\8&5f$O!$F|K\?M1Q8l3X=,e$NLdBj2r7hG=NO$r>eC#$5$;$k>e$G!$%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s%9%H%i%F%8!<(J(CS)$B$N$&$A(Jcircumlocution$B$N=,F@$,$b$?$i$98z2L$KCeL\$7!$$=$N;XF38z2L$r8!>Z$7$?$b$N$G$"$k!#(JCS$B$N650\2DG=$JItJ,$HIT2DG=$JItJ,$+$i$J$j!$$=$N$I$A$i$b65@b$rN)$F!$
   
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$BH/I=MW;](J $B#L#23X=,$G2L$?$9(Jawareness$B$NLr3d$,K\Ev$K=EMW$G$"$k$+$I$&$+5DO@$5$l$F$$$kCf!"(JSchmidt (1994)$B$d(JLeow (2000)$B$i$K$h$C$F(Jawareness$B$N=EMW$5$,<($5$l$F$$$k$b$N$N!"4N?4$N(Jawareness$B$r9b$a$k$rBP>]$K
   
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